Category Archives: Politics

Class Struggle and Time Travel in 1895

Was it even remotely possible? If we are going to answer this question, we must consider things as they were during that time.

The story…

An inventor who was well-known in scientific circles regularly hosted dinner parties. Not only was the inventor an accomplished mathematician, he was a devoted investigator of molecular physics. Much to his credit, he held a number of patents for some of his inventions.

The inventor regularly invited the same group of scholarly gentlemen to house for dinner and conversation. After the group had enjoyed a scrumptious meal, they would retire to an adjoining room for shots of strong liquor, Meetingcigarettes, and in-depth discussions about an esoteric topic, more likely than not, chosen by the host. The guests were invariably treated to the inventor’s passionate lectures on complex topics devote to him. The gentleman, who were all accomplished in their own rights, often thought the inventor to be a bit too caught up with himself and his ideas. By now the men had settled comfortably into their chairs and were waiting for the inventor to start the evening’s conversation. That night the guests could never have imagined the topic that the inventor was about the bring up. The inventor announced that he had discovered how to travel through time and would, in short order, prove it to them.

By now the men had settled comfortably into their chairs and were waiting for the inventor to start the evening’s conversation. That night the guests could never have imagined the topic that the inventor was about the bring up. The inventor announced that he had discovered how to travel through time and would, in short order, prove it to them.

It is not difficult to imagine the response of some of the gentlemen to the inventor’s claim. Preposterous one said. Another asked the inventor if he had lost his mind. Others asked the inventor pointed questions about his time travel theory and the mechanics of traveling about through time. The inventor meticulously addressed his friends’ skepticism by offering an in-depth discussion of the quantum physics of time travel. Afterward, seeing the facials expressions of utter disbelief that surrounded him, the inventor invited his guest to watch, then and there, a live a live demonstration of time travel.  They demanded that the experiment  begin without delay.

The inventor produced a sphere, “a metallic framework, scarcely larger than a small clock.” He placed the object on a small table and pulled up a chair next to the table. The guests gathered around the inventor and his small time machine. Using the finger of one of the group’s most ardent disbeliever, the inventor flipped a switch and the device began to vibrate. “There was a breath of wind.” The machine grew fainter and fainter to the eye until it disappeared. There was nothing on the table top. Where had it gone?

Immediately, there were cries of fraud. One guest accused the inventor of using “cheap parlor tricks” to make the device disappear. Another expressed his indignation with having his intelligence insulted. Yet, there were a few guests who were intellectually curious and wanted to know how the sphere had disappeared. At this point, the gentlemen were invited to walk with the inventor to his work room. Once inside the room, he introduced them to his almost completed actual size time machine. The inventor announced that he would  use the machine to travel through time. He invited the guests  to return the following Thursday evening for dinner as usual. At that time, he would give them a report of his adventure with the time machine.

H.G. Wells…

The interaction between the inventor and his guests and the revealing of the time machine is how H. G. Wells began his book the Time Machine, which was published in HG Wells1895. Shortly after introducing the protagonist, Wells refers to him as the “Time Traveler.” None of the guests are ever referred to by their names. They are simply designated by their professions. Most literary experts believe that Wells, along with Jules Verne, was one the fathers of modern-day science fiction writing. In my opinion, this may not be a correct description of Wells as a writer.

To better understand the Time Machine from a literary and political point of view, it is necessary to know how H.G. Wells viewed English society when the book was written.

Wells was born on September 21, 1866. in Bromley England. His parents were  hard workers but they never escaped the poverty that engulfed them. When the family’s struggling business finally collapsed, the young Wells worked with his mother. While working there, Wells discovered the owner’s extensive library collection. It seemed like he had found his calling. Wells dedicated hours  to reading the owner’s books. He became an voracious  reader and developed the ability to self-teach himself almost any subject. The major figures of the Enlightenment attracted his literary curiosity. H.G. Wells’ intellectual

H.G. Wells’ intellectual prowess did not go unnoticed. He received a scholarship to the prestigious Normal School of Science. There he studied physics, chemistry, astronomy, and biology. He also studied all the classical Greek philosophers, including but not limited to Plato and Aristotle.

During his tenure at the Normal School of Science Wells developed his passion for writing. In later years, he would go on to become a prolific writer science fiction and other related genres.

In his first year at the school, Wells studied under Thomas H. Huxley, the English champion of Darwin’s principals of natural selection. The esteemed and well-respected professor impressed upon Wells the idea that natural selection  might help explain the dynamics of a society.  Wells integrated Darwinism into developing his view of  the ideal society.

In my opinion, H.G. Wells was more than qualified, from an intellectual point of view, to discuss the prevalent theories of time travel. Yet, to grasp the true significance of Time Machine , one must know what motivated Wells to write the book.

Which version of Mein Kampf is for you?

Adolf Hitler

On April 20, 1889, a child was born in the Austrian town of Braunau. His father, Alois, would eventually become a senior Customs official. Klara, his mother, was a homemaker. The child’s parents were not politically sophisticated or social climbers. The family was not well off. The parents could not have imagined that their son would grow up to lead Germany.

During the child’s early school years, he displayed flashes of intellectual potential. Historical accounts indicate that his classmates were impressed with his leadership qualities. Unfortunately, an education proved to be an insurmountable challenge.

Using the inheritance he received upon his father’s death, the now 18-year adolescent moved to Vienne. There he hoped to study art and architecture. Because his grades did not meet the entry requirements for those programs, he was denied admission to study those disciplines. The child who was now a young man ended his quest for a formal education. It was at this juncture of his life that he developed a passion for politics. No one at the time could have foreseen this young man, Adolf Hitler, would become the history’s most brutal dictator and mass murder.

The purpose of this short post is not to debate the accuracy of history’s account of Adolf Hitler’s acts as Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. It is indisputable that in 1939 as dictator of Germany, Hitler plunged the world into its Second World War of the century. He devised and implemented the Holocaust which was the systematic, bureaucratic and state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews. Though many countries opposed Hitler’s expansionary drives across Europe, sadly these same countries failed to act to prevent the Holocaust from taking place. The international community consciously overlooked the dangers presented by Hitler’s leadership and policies that were based upon the principles of White-German supremacy.

Hitler rose through the political ranks on his way to chancellor with the support and backing of the Nazi party. The reading of Hitler’s book, Mein Kampf, was considered a de facto requirement for membership in the party. From a literary point of view, the book left a lot to be desired. It contained many factual errors. The author dispensed with analytical reasoning to support his conclusions and assumptions. Rhetoric and highly symbolic language pulsed through the book’s paragraphs.  Yet, we should not let our abhorrence of Hitler’s acts unduly influence our ability to rationally discuss Mein Kampf.  It is clear that Hitler did set out to produce a first-class literary work.  Mein Kampf was written as a political manifesto; it was a call to action for the German people.

To better understand the impact of Mein Kampf in 1925, one must take into account the political and economic context within which it was written and released.  70 years ago, people were dependent on print and radio for news about current events and political discussion. The instantaneous sharing of news and ideas through hand-held devices would not possible for about another six decades. Not only did Germans believe what they read and were told so did much of the world’s peoples.